Maghrebi
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The Maghreb (also rendered Maghrib, Arabic: المغرب العربي al-maghrib al-`arabī "the Arab west"; Berber: Tamazgha), is the western region of North Africa, including the five modern countries of Morocco with Western Sahara, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Mauritania. The term maghrib is in origin an Arabic word for "west, occident", denoting the westernmost territories that have fallen to the Islamic conquests of the 7th century. Today, it is used as a proper noun denoting the Maghreb. The definite form al-maghrib is used for the country of Morocco in particular. Before the establishment of modern nation states in the region in the 20th century, Maghreb referred to a smaller area between the Atlas Mountains range in the south and the Mediterranean Sea, eastern Libya, but not modern Mauritania. As recently as late 19th century it was used to refer to Western Mediterranean region in general, and Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia in particular. Partially isolated from the rest of the continent by the Atlas Mountains and the Sahara desert, inhabitants of the northern parts of the Maghreb have long been tied in to the inhabitants of the Mediterranean countries, Southern Europe and Western Asia. The region was somewhat unified as an independent political entity during the rule of the Berber kingdom of Numidia, and later in the Islamic caliphates under Umayyad, Almoravid and Almohad rule, during the 8th to 13th centuries. The five modern states of North Africa established the Maghreb Union in 1989 to promote cooperation and economic integration in a common market. It was envisioned initially by Muammar al-Gaddafi as an Arab superstate, ignoring the Berber identity of many North Africans. The union included Western Sahara implicitly under Morocco's membership, putting Morocco's long cold war with Algeria to a rest. However, this progress was short-lived, and the union is now frozen. Tensions between Algeria and Morocco over Western Sahara re-emerged strongly, reinforced by the unsolved borderline issue between the two countries. These two main conflicts have hindered progress on the union's joint goals and practically made it inactive as a whole. The popular Berber language alternative term for al-maghrib, popularized by Berber activists in the last quarter of the 20th century is Tamazgha. From Wikipedia under the
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