Orthodox Judaism is the approach to Judaism which adheres to the traditional interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Sanhedrin ("Oral Torah") and subsequently developed and applied by the later authorities known as the Gaonim, Rishonim, and Acharonim. Orthodox Jews are also called "observant Jews"; Orthodoxy is known also as "Torah Judaism" or "traditional Judaism". Generally, Orthodox Judaism consists of two different streams, the Modern Orthodox and the Haredi but actually there is a wide spectrum of beliefs.

Approximately 13 percent of American Jews and 25 percent of Israeli Jews are Orthodox. Among American synagogue members, 27 percent attend Orthodox synagogues.

Contents

• 1 History
• 2 Diversity within Orthodox Judaism
  • 2.1 Streams of Orthodoxy
  • 2.2 In practice
• 3 Beliefs
• 4 Orthodox movements, organizations and groups
• 5 See also
• 6 References
• 7 External links

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