Voiced Palato-alveolar Sibilant Information
The voiced palato-alveolar fricative or voiced domed postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ‹ʒ›, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is Z. An alternative symbol used in some older and American linguistic literature is ‹ž›, a z with a háček. The sound occurs in many languages and, as in English and French, may have simultaneous lip rounding ([ʒʷ]), although this is rarely indicated in transcription.
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Features
Features of the voiced palato-alveolar fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is sibilant fricative, which means it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a groove in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is palato-alveolar, that is, domed (partially palatalized) postalveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the front of the tongue bunched up ("domed") at the palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | zhurmë | [ʒuɾmə] | 'noise' | ||
| Angas | zhaam | [ʒaːm] | 'chin' | ||
| Arabic | Maghrebi[1] | زوج | [ʒuʒ] | 'two' | See Arabic phonology |
| Armenian | ժամ | [ʒɑm] (help·info) | 'hour' | ||
| Avar | жакъа | [ˈʒaqʼːa] | 'today' | ||
| Azerbaijani | pəjmürdə | [pæʒmyrˈdæ] | 'sad' | ||
| Berber | Kabyle | jeddi | [ʒəddi] | 'my grandfather' | |
| Berta | [ŋɔ̀nʒɔ̀ʔ] | 'honey' | |||
| Bulgarian | мъжът | [mɐˈʒɤt] | 'the man' | ||
| Chechen | ?/ƶiy | [ʒiː] | 'sheep' | ||
| Corsican | ghjesgia | [ˈjeːʒa] | 'church' | Also in Gallurese | |
| Czech | muži | [muʒɪ] | 'men' | See Czech phonology | |
| Dutch | garage | [ɣaraʒə] | 'garage' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English | vision | [ˈvɪʒən] | 'vision' | See English phonology | |
| Esperanto | manĝaĵo | [maɳd͡ʒaʒo] | 'food' | See Esperanto phonology | |
| French[2] | jour | [ʒuʁ] | 'day' | See French phonology | |
| German | Garage | [ɡaˈʁaːʒə] | 'garage' | See German phonology | |
| Georgian[3] | ჟურნალი | [ʒuɾnali] | 'magazine' | ||
| Goemai | zhiem | [ʒiem] | 'sickle' | ||
| Gwich’in | zhòh | [ʒôh] | 'wolf' | ||
| Hän | zhùr | [ʒûr] | 'wolf' | ||
| Hebrew | ז'קט | [ʒaket] | 'jacket ' | See Modern Hebrew phonology | |
| Hindi | अझ़दहा | [əʒd̪ahaː] | 'dragon' | See Hindi–Urdu phonology | |
| Hungarian | rózsa | [r̪oːʒɒ] | 'rose' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Ingush | жий/žii | [ʒiː] | 'sheep' | ||
| Italian | Tuscan dialect | pigiare | [piʒare] | 'press' | See Italian phonology |
| Juǀʼhoan | [ʒu] | 'person' | |||
| Kabardian | жыг | [ʒɪɣʲ] | 'tree' | ||
| Kazakh | жеті | [ʒeti] | 'seven' | ||
| Ladino | mujer | [muʒɛʀ] | 'woman' | ||
| Latvian | žāvēt | [ʒaːveːt] | 'smoke' | See Latvian phonology | |
| Lithuanian | žmona | [ʒmoːna] | 'wife' | ||
| Livonian | kūž | [kuːʒ] | 'six' | ||
| Macedonian | жaбa | [ʒaba] | 'toad' | See Macedonian phonology | |
| Megrelian | ჟირი | [ʒiɾi] | 'two' | ||
| Navajo | łizh | [ɬiʒ] | 'urine' | ||
| Ngwe | Mmockngie dialect | [ʒíá] | 'to split' | ||
| Occitan | Southern Auvergnat | argent | [aʀʒẽ] | 'money' | |
| Gascon | [arʒen] | ||||
| Pashto | ژوول | [ʒowul] | 'chew' | ||
| Persian | مژه | [moʒe] | 'eyelash' | See Persian phonology | |
| Portuguese[4] | jogo | [ˈʒoɡu] | 'game' | See Portuguese phonology | |
| Romanian | jar | [ʒar] | 'embers' | See Romanian phonology | |
| Russian | Жажда | [ʒaʒdə] | 'hunger' | See Russian phonology | |
| Serbo-Croatian | жут/žut | [ʒut][tone?] | 'yellow' | See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
| Sioux | Lakota | waŋži | [wãˈʒi] | 'one' | |
| Slovenian | žito | [ʒito] | 'cereal' | ||
| Spanish | Some South American dialects[5] | yo | [ʒo̞] | 'I' | See Spanish phonology and yeismo |
| Tadaksahak | [ˈʒɐwɐb] | 'to answer' | |||
| Tagish | [ʒé] | 'what' | |||
| Turkish | jale | [ʒaːle] | 'dew' | See Turkish phonology | |
| Turkmen | žiraf | [ʒiraf] | 'giraffe' | ||
| Tutchone | Northern | zhi | [ʒi] | 'what' | |
| Southern | zhǜr | [ʒɨ̂r] | 'berry' | ||
| Ukrainian | жaбa | [ʒaba] | 'frog' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
| Urdu | اژدہا | [əʒd̪ahaː] | 'dragon' | See Hindi–Urdu phonology | |
| Veps | vīž | [viːʒ] | 'five' | ||
| Welayta | [aʒa] | 'bush' | |||
| West Frisian | bagaazje | [bɑgaʒǝ] | 'luggage' | ||
| Yiddish | אָראַנזש | [ɔʀanʒ] | 'orange' | See Yiddish phonology | |
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan[6] | llan | [ʒaŋ] | 'anger' | |
The sound in Russian denoted by <ж> is commonly transcribed as a palato-alveolar fricative but is actually a laminal retroflex fricative.
See also
References
- ^ Watson (2002:16)
- ^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
- ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258)
- ^ Merrill (2008:108)
Bibliography
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquipan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
- Watson, Janet (2002), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, New York: Oxford University Press
Categories: Postalveolar consonants | Fricative consonants
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